Suspension of passports for monks in Burma has begun amid suggestions that the Burmese government is attempting to block the influential community from going abroad in the run-up to elections.
Monks have also complained that the government’s passport issuing board in Rangoon is also refusing to extend nearly-expired passports and implementing restrictions on applications for new ones.
One monk told DVB on condition of anonymity that the new regulation required monks looking to go abroad to have the Dhammācariyā degree, which is equivalent to a Masters degree in the UK and awards status as a lecturing monk.
“Also there are three requirements when submitting the passport application: you must have the Dhammācariyā degree, you must have the sponsor’s letter and must have the approval by the religious affairs minister,” he said. “These are the requirements that cannot be achieved easily and are thus stopping the monks [from going abroad].”
The allegations were denied by Burma’s ministry of religious affairs. According to government statistics, there are some 400,000 monks in Burma out of a total population of nearly 60 million.
The community is highly revered inside the country, and rose to international attention after the September 2007 uprising in which hundreds of thousands of monks took to the streets in protest against military rule in Burma. A number were shot dead by troops, while hundreds more were forced to flee abroad.
According to the Thailand-based Assistance Association for Political Prisoners-Burma (AAPP), 252 monks are currently behind bars in Burma, some serving sentences of more than 70 years. Human Rights Watch said last year on the anniversary of the September 2007 uprising that monks were still subject to oppression, intimidation and surveillance.
Prominent exiled monk, Ashin Issariya (also known as King Zero), said that monks travelling abroad to study were seen by the Burmese government to be defying the ruling generals and were able to speak freely about what they had witnessed inside Burma.
“When [junta chief] Than Shwe visited Sri Lanka [in November 2009], he was boycotted by Burmese monks studying in the country, who refused to accept religious donations from him; he was very disappointed about that,” said Ashin Issariya.
The giving of donations to monks is seen as a symbolically important ‘merit making’ act within Buddhist tradition, and the refusal of this can carry negative ramifications, such as bad karma.
“[Than Shwe] also got the same treatment from majority of the Burmese monks in India when he visited there; the government believes that monks studying abroad are becoming more defiant against [the government],” Ashin Issariya added.
He said this was due to the monks gaining international exposure, “so [the junta] began enacting various restrictions to keep the monks from going abroad”.
MPs returned to Parliament in Burma’s capital Naypyidaw
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Sadly enough but predictably, U Than Shwe knows nothing more than to react in bad taste to events, not trying to see them in true perspective, identify problems as to what they really are, how they came about and why. He and his men always, let me repeat always, get angry at dissidents and put the blame on any body but themselves. He does not know, or does not want to know it seems, that it is only proper to try to see other people’s plight and their points of view and see how he can help his own countrymen by trying to find answers to the problems. Instead, he follows the easy way (I mean easy for him), “arrest them, or else shoot to silence them”. He acts like one not born of a loving mother: how else can he not see sons and daughters of other mothers have rights to life, to equal opporetunities, to proper education, to health benefits and general wellbeing? He takes all Myanmar nationas for his slaves, subservient to him and his cronies, and agree to everything he says and does, no matter how terrible he is.
Actually, he should just sit back and think and reflect for a moment: he should come to realize how these monks and their devotees deserve the liberty and freedom that are the basic rights to life, just as U Than Shwe, the son of his mother, loves to enjoy those rights.
How and when will Burma be a free country, U Than Shwe? Can’t you help? Or don’t you want to be a kindly old man who treats well every other son and daughter of other pitiable mothers? How I wish you do not take those heavy burdens of brutality and horrendous deeds beyond your grave. Pay back a little here and a little there that will be enough to lighten you a bit on your long journey through the endless samsara. Wll anybody dare reach and translate this to him?
It is hardly surprising that the regime would clamp-down on the travels of the Sangha.
At this crucial point leading up to Than Shwe’s sham elections, the monks could stir the sentiments of the Burmese people from abroad in ways which would be suicidal within Burma, and that makes them likely terrorist suspects in the eyes of Than Shwe.
Considering Than Shwe’s disrespect for the Sangha, and his lack of restraint during the monk-led protests of the urban fuel and commodity price hikes in 2007, I really don’t picture him as a Buddhist, although he does like to pose as a Buddhist when it is convenient for him to pretend to be one.
Since he had ordered monks to be shot in the streets like dogs, and then sent his security forces like thieves in the dark of night to round-up the monks for beatings, torture and imprisonment, I assume he is not considered a Buddhist in good standing by the Sangha and the millions of Buddhists in Burma.
Of course I may be wrong, because he does keep the gold and marble shiny at a lot of pagodas and shrines, even if it is just to impress the foreign tourists.
And Than Shwe doesn’t seem to be worried about making merit among the non-Buddhist segment of the Burmese population, whose villages, schools, and churches he orders to be destroyed.
At least I don’t think burning non-Buddhist schools, villages and churches is considered as Buddhist merit making.
Again, I could be wrong, because it is an all too common occurance behind the Bamboo Curtain, and the Buddhists don’t seem to complain about it very often.
Then again if the monks are shot down in the streets for protesting about price hikes, what would the SPDC do to them for complaining about regime rape, murder, torture, forced labour and persecution of innocent non-Buddhist citizens in the ethnic homelands?
I think the Burmese people should see the monks’ travel restriction as just another phase of the SPDC plan to dominate and enslave Burma.
It truly amazes me that the so-far favored citizens of Burma have not put the pieces together yet, that the atrocities the Burma army has carried out over the past twenty years in the ethnic homelands have been to develop and perfect the population control methods which will eventually be used to control their own children.
Actually, there is, as far as I can recall from my experience as a Bama and a friend, since my childhood to Christiansw and Muslims and Sikhs, and in my service years in the Shan State, to Shans, Kachins, Palaungs (most of them ordinary people and villagers) and migrant Chin workers, I have never known any quarrelling amongst them or with the majority Bamas (at work sites) and in the villiages. I was not there for a brief visit, but had lived more than two decades. We were all friends and can freely mix socially and culturally. To be candid, there has always been a consciousness of ethnic differences (and a few very strong, and not to accomodate any argument), and by itself is a good cause for tolerance with each other, however unducated the majority are. Yes, the exceptional few I just quoted have a higher than average education, but they are a very small minority. I had a Shan boss and other categories working with me. I am not saying that it was all problem-free, but no, not due to racial differences (although someone, somewhere might thoughtlessly, or as an excue, say it was because he was a Chin, a Kachin or a Shan – but that is beside the point.) But of course, there are some thoughtless Bamas, and other men who are haughty and carefree by nature; their natrures are very well understood.
Let me say this: Bamas are one of the most racially and religiously tolerant people in the world.
Ashamed as we are, it is the tragidy of Burma that a few or a group or a minor part of us who hold absolute power, as we see today, are led by greed, hate and ignorance, totally intolerant and they let out their wrath indiscriminately, let me repeat indiscriminately, favouring only to those who agree with them. They hate the majority Bamas most of all, obviously for their united will, invariably defiant and always challenging.
Bogyoke Aung San,if he were still alive, would be just as defiant and challenging, but musch more effective and adroid, from what I know of him.
PB Publico wrote: “Let me say this: Bamas are one of the most racially and religiously tolerant people in the world.”
That may be so, and thank you for your valuable insights, but unfortunately they are also extremely tolerant of SPDC abuses behind the Bamboo Curtain, and indeed to their own economic impoverishment and political repression.
I am not surprised at the regime clamping down on the travels of monks, since the only notable political uprising since the regime overturned the 1990 election results was instigated by the Sangha.
Too bad they were protesting fuel and commodity prices instead of decades of human rights abuses.
They did find out that the so-called Buddhists in the SPDC, the Burma army, and the SPDC security forces have no respect for the Sangha.
It seems that karma is like a lock on a door which is there to keep an honest man honest. To a thief, the lock is but a minor inconvenience.
There are few countries with large populations in the modern world where the ethnic/geographic majority of a citizenry allows the ethnic/geographic minority of their country to suffer massive persecution, forced labour, forced relocation, systematic rape, starvation caused by regime ordered destruction of their crops, and summary torture, beatings and executions.
We’re not talking hundreds or thousands of abused and persecuted citizens in Burma, we’re talking hundreds of thousands, and millions
of mostly ethnic minority Burmese citizens who are targets of the SPDC regime cruelty, extortion, oppression, and ethnic revenge.
I agree that Bogyoke Aung San would have defied and challenged the current status quo which has gone on for decades.
His daughter Aung San Suu Kyi has proven that courage and intrepidity in Burma did not die along with her father.
She has also proven that being a Buddhist does not mean accepting the equivalent of human sacrifice of your countrymen based on their ethnicity or religion.
She has always maintained that the rights of Burmese citizens of ALL political parties, ALL ethnicities, and ALL religions need to be mutually supportive, and viewed as the rights of the United Burmese People.
Yet decades of Buddhist majority apathy towards the political, human rights, and economic wrongdoings of the successive military regimes have so-far only ensured that Burmese Buddhists are willing to continue to live with poverty and political repression, in return for relative peace.
I believe that since the 2007 protests, the leaders of the Sangha have come to the conclusion that the so-far favored Buddhists are simply chickens in a cage, being fattened for the slaughter, and that by the time the SPDC shock-troops come for them it will be too late to avoid becoming slaves, beasts of burden, and targets for endless extortion, the long-awaited payoff for the loyal soldiers of the Burma army who have worked for so long waiting for their turn to become wealthy.
That is the ultimate mission the Burma army has been training for in the ethnic homelands for decades.
When the formerly favored citizens of Burma begin to be relocated by the thousands as forced labour to clear land for the roads which reach eastward, reality will begin to sink-in.
When those same roads carry them off to work at collective farms, rubber, palm oil, and castor oil plantations, mines, and ricefields on former ethnic minority lands, will their own people remain as silent as they have been all along?
Will it not be until they watch the regime yoke being slipped over their own childrens’ shoulders that they will they get the message?
I would like to thank good Garrett for his forthright, fair comments, and appreciate his strong feelings for the minority people. I am with him. The benefits of what the Bamas do must be inclusive of all ethnicities inside the borders of Burma (We vote for federalism). It is a matter of mutual dependence and respect.
Garrett must have seen many instances of Bamas’ defiance and resistance to brute force, and seen how they have suffered. We did moan, but had never given up, and never will.
The junta is a brute force that does not understand how to behave like human beings, unlike the English gentlemen in the British Parliament in the days of Independence struggle in India and Burma. I have often wondered how it would have been if the British then were just as tyranical and fierce as the Burma junta that we are facing today. They have corrected where the British erred to hold on to their colonial power. (But of course there were other factors then, more profound and understood by men of integrity only.)
The junta and its cronies don’t understand the human values or how to respect human valour in meeting with abrute adversary, as a basis of gentlemanly considerations (say, unarmed youngsters, men and women, or praying monks, facing a battle-hardened soldiers with loaded automatic arms, with their fingers half pressed on the triggers).
We do not believe violence against violence is answer to our problems.
We do not believe mass protests, to sacrifice our youngsters in another bloodbath, would work either.
It is life and death struggle for Than Shwe, the predator animal. He and his guns must survive. He won’t yield.
Point three: it is not a good thought to expect some foreign power to intervene and fight for us.
And we must not forget the armed groups in the border areas are good fighters in the hills and too small to fight the Burma military on the plains (I am thinkinfg of the time of general uprising needing diversion and asssistance, unless the ABSDF is a force of some 100,000 well-trained soldiers.)
So what options are we left with? I feel that the greater portion of the population, regardless of race or religion, are now united in one spirit, that of opposition to the junta. I, or no one for that matter, can foresee how the final showdown will come about. But I am sure it is coming. It may come suddenly or slowly, but spontaneously. The orgaqnization seems to be going on quietly. It seems to me it will not explode. It will implode. Suddenly, Than Shwe and his close cronies will be nowhere to be found.
Fat chance? Well, one never knows. One hopes and works for it.
Another point Garrett had said:
“It seems that karma is like a lock on a door which is there to keep an honest man honest. To a thief, the lock is but a minor inconvenience.”
Karma or kam (for kamma) as we say in Burma, is three-way link of past, present and future. It may act like a lock on a door for a man who never does any wholesome deed. But the links are open for a man born of loving mothers and kindly fathers, and so well-groomed in wholesome thoughts, verbiage and actions.
So, there is hope for Burma and its people, my friend.
very good that the junta clamps down for monks, most of the monks who r in usa n other free country r purchase house in the name of religion, do baby sitting, drive cars, become anti government, monks should be stop from travelling to europe or usa, there r many buddist organisation in west doing real religious work,